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![Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance](https://image.oaes.cc/1f685545-0366-42b0-8bb0-239d5ea2e34e/5236.fig.3.jpg)
Figure 3. Major changes needed to improve surveillance of HCC in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals in Africa. Flow chart describing the three aspects the authors deem necessary to improve HCC surveillance in HIV-HBV coinfection, including increased awareness of HBV disease, upgrading of laboratory infrastructure, and advancement of relevant cohort studies.