fig1

Figure 1. Open (A) and laparoscopic (B) repeat liver resections. The directions of view and manipulation in each approach are indicated with red arrows. A: in the open approach, the subphrenic rib cage is opened with a large subcostal incision and the liver is mobilized (lifted) from the retroperitoneum; B: in laparoscopic approach, the instruments intrude into the cage from the caudal direction, and the surgery is performed with minimal damage on the associated structures. Orange arrows indicate the dissection of adhesion. A: total adhesiolysis is performed in open procedure; B: direct approach to the tumor in laparoscopic procedure can facilitate small surface repeat liver resection with minimal adhesiolysis. IVC: inferior vena cav