REFERENCES

1. Ha KT, Yoon SJ, Choi DY, Kim DW, Kim JK, Kim CH. Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharm 2005;96:529-35.

2. Xu Z, Davis HM, Zhou H. Clinical impact of concomitant immunomodulators on biologic therapy: pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, efficacy and safety. J Clin Pharmacol 2015;55:S60-74.

3. Lo LK, Hung CM, Chen YF, Ko WC, Tsai TF, Chu CY. Azathioprine-induced severe bone marrow toxicity. Dermatologica Sinica 2009;27:44-51.

4. Molyneux G, Gibson FM, Chen CM, Marway HK, McKeag S, Mifsud CVJ, Pilling AM, Whayman MJ, Turton JA. The haemotoxicity of azathioprine in repeat dose studies in the female CD-1 mouse. Int J Exp Path 2008;89:138-58.

5. Nevins TE, Thomas W. Quantitative patterns of azathioprine adherence after renal transplantation. Transplantation 2009;87:711-8.

6. Heneghan MA, McFarlane IG. Current and novel immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2002;35:7-13.

7. Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 34th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2005.

8. Lee AU, Farrell GC. Mechanism of azathioprine-induced injury to hepatocytes: roles of glutathione depletion and mitochondrial injury. J Hepatology 2001;35:756-64.

9. Menor C, Fernandez-Moreno MD, Fueyo JA, Escribano O, Olleros T, Arriaza E, Cara C, Lorusso M, Di Paola M, Roman ID, Guijarro LG. Azathioprine acts upon rat hepatocyte mitochondria and stress-activated protein kinases leading to necrosis: protective role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;311:668-76.

10. Bhaskaran N, Srivastava JK, Shukla S, Gupta S. Chamomile confers protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity through activation of Nrf2-mediated defense response. Phytother Res 2013;27:118-25.

11. Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: a herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Report 2010;3:895-901.

12. Martens D. Chamomile: the herb and the remedy. J Chiropractic Acad Homeopathy 1995;6:15-8.

13. Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78:856-61.

14. Oktay M, Gulcin I, Ufrevioglu OI. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT Food Sci Technol 2003;36:263-71.

15. Anwar F, Ali M, Hussain AI, Shahid M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan. Flavour Fragr J 2009;24:170-6.

16. Mohamad RH, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HA, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM. Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). J Med Food 2011;14:986-1001.

17. Guillen MD, Manzanos MJ. A contribution to study Spanish wild-growing fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) as a source of flavour compounds. Chemie Mikrobiologie Technologie der Lebensmittel 1994;16:141-5.

18. Chandrashekhar VM, Ranpariyaa VL, Ganapaty S, Parashar A, Muchandi AA. Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;127:645-51.

19. Choi EM, Hwang JK. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2004;75:557-65.

20. Matsumoto K, Sekita K, Ochiai T, Takagi A, Takada K, Furuya T, Kurokawa Y, Saito Y, Teshima R, Suzuki K. Evaluation of immunotoxicity testings using azathioprine-treated rats: the International Collaborative Immunotoxicity Study (Azathioprine). Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku 1990;108:34-9. (in Japanese)

21. Lin CC, Hsu YF, Lin TC, Hsu FL, Hsu HY. Antioxidant and hepatoproductive activity of punicalagin and punicalin on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. J Pharmacol 1998;50:789-94.

22. Ruiz-Larnea MB, Leal AM, Liza M, Lacort M, de Groot H. Antioxidant effects of estradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol on iron induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome. Steriod 1994;59:383-8.

23. Drury RAV, Wallington EA. Carltons histological techniques. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1980. p. 206.

24. Steel RG, Torrie GH. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1980. p. 633.

25. Tabrizi BA, Mohajeri D, Mousavi G, Farajzada F, Khodadadi A, Alizae SB, Reihani B. Biochemical and pathological study of protective effect of vitamin E in azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. J Biol Sci 2009;9:339-44.

26. El-Ashmawy I, Gad SB, Salama OM. Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2010;24:1710-5.

27. Yuan HD, Jin GZ, Piao GC. Hepatoprotective effects of an active part from Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;127:528-33.

28. Raza M, Ahmad M, Gado A, Al-Shabanah OA. A comparison of hepatoprotective activities of aminoguanidine and N-acetylcysteine in rat against the toxic damage induced by azathioprine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2003;134:451-6.

29. Marino IR, Doyle HR. Conventional immunosuppressant drugs. In: Thomsom AW, Starzl TE, editors. Immunosuppressive Drugs. Developments in Anti-rejection Therapy. Boston: Little Brown; 1994. pp. 5-7.

30. Elion GB. The purine path to chemotherapy. Science 1989;244:41-7.

31. Hobara N, Watanabe A. Impaired metabolism of azathioprine in carbon tetrachloride-injured rats. Hepatogastroenterology 1981;28:192-4.

32. Matsuo K, Sasaki E, Higuchi S, Takai S, Tsuneyama K, Fukami T, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Involvement of oxidative stress and immune- and inflammation-related factors in azathioprine-induced liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2014;224:215-24.

33. Ansari A, Elliott T, Baburajan B, Mayhead P, O'Donohue J O, Chocair P, Sanderson J, Duley J. Long-term outcome of using allopurinol co-therapy as a strategy for overcoming thiopurine hepatotoxicity in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:734-41.

34. Petit E, Langouet S, Akhdar H, Nicolas-Nicolaz C, Guillouzo A, Morel F. Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanineon human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2008;22:632-42.

35. Armstrong VW, Oellerich M. New developments in the immunosuppressive drug monitoring of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and azathioprine. Clin Biochem 2001;34:9-16.

36. Ahmed WM, Khalaf AA, Moselhy WA, Safwat GM. Royal jelly attenuates azathioprine induced toxicity in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014;37:431-7.

37. El-Khatib S, Moustafa AM, Hamid AA, Al-Shabanah OA, El-Kashef HA. Effect of aminoguanidine and desferrioxamine on some vascular and biochemical changes associated with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats. Pharmacol Res 2001;43:233-40.

38. Raza M, Al-Bekairi AM, Ageel AM, Qureshi S. Biochemical basis of sodium valproate hepatotoxicity and renal tubular disorder: time dependence of peroxidative injury. Pharmacol Res 1997;35:153-7.

39. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan NS, El-Kady AA, Khadrawy YA, El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Sharaf HA, Mannaa FA. Red ginseng extract protects against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins-induced hepatic pre-cancerous lesions in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:733-42.

40. Oyagbemi AA, Odetola AA. Hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on paracetamol induced-hepatic damage in rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2010;13:164-9.

41. Choudhary NS, Gupta S, Chawla YK, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Das A. Azathioprine induced liver injury: a case report. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:1717-8.

42. Kumar RS, Manivannan R, Balasubramaniam A, Rajkapoor B. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Indigofera trita Linn. on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;3:344-50.

43. Naik RS, Mujumdar AM, Ghaskadbi S. Protection of liver cells from ethanol cytotoxicity by curcumin in liver slice culture in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;95:31-7.

44. Seki S, Kitada T, Sakaguchi H, Nakatani K, Wakasa K. Pathological significance of oxidative cellular damage in human alcoholic liver disease. Histopathology 2003;4:365-71.

45. Akinlolu AA, Akinola OB, Khobe P, Obasi K, Dada O. Azathioprine and methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats. J Morphol Sci 2014;31:75-81.

46. Wielenga MC, van Lidth de Jeude JF, Rosekrans SL, Levin AD, Schukking M, D'Haens GR, Heijmans J, Jansen M, Muncan V, van den Brink GR. Azathioprine does not reduce adenoma formation in a mouse model of sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:16683-9.

47. El-Beshbishy H. Lipoic acid attenuates DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress and liver injury induced by tamoxifen in rats. Asian J Trad Med 2007;2:175-88.

48. Sebai H, Jabri M, Souli A, Rtibi K, Selmi S. Tebourbi O, El-Benna J, Sakly M. Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;152:327-32.

49. Al-Musa H, AL-Hashem F. Hypoglycemic, hepato-renal and antioxidant potential effects of Chamomile recutita flowers ethanolic extract in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;9:1-12.

50. Celik I, Isik I. Determination of chemopreventive role of Foeniculum vulgare and Salvia officinalis infusion on trichloroacetic acid-induced increased serum marker enzymes lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense systems in rats. Nat Prod Res 2008;22:66-75.

51. Ibrahim NA, Mannaa FA, Ibrahim SS, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Mohamed SG. Protective potential of chamomile flowers and fennel seeds extracts against hemo- and immuno-toxicity of azathioprine in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Environ Immunol Toxicol 2015;Epub ahead of print.

52. Roby MHH, Sarhan MA, Selim KA, Khalel KI. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Ind Crops Prod 2013;44:437-45.

53. Diaz P, Jeong SC, Lee S, Khoo C, Koyyalamudi SR. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Chin Med 2012;7:26.

54. Mckay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactive and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res 2006;20:519-30.

55. Simándi B, Deák A, Rónyani E, Yanxiang G, Veress T, Lemberkovics è, Then M, Sass-Kiss á, Vámos-Falusi Z. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of fennel oil. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:1635-40.

56. Reicks MM, Crankshaw D. Effects of D-limonene on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity and paracetamol-induced glutathione depletion in mouse. Xenobiotica 1993;23:809-19.

57. El-Beshbishy HA, Tork OM, El-Bab MF, Autifi MA. Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of green tea polyphenols against azathioprine-induced liver injury in rats. Pathophysiology 2011;18:125-35.

58. Ardeshiri R, Ghassemi F, Kargar H. Histological study of azathioprine effect on liver in insulin resistant rats. Adv Environ Biol 2012;6:2784-90.

59. Moustafa AM, Badria FA. Impact of L-arginine on azathioprine-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in mice: biochemical and ultrastructural study. Egypt J Histol 2010;33:407-18.

60. Srivastava JK, Gupta S. Extraction, characterization, stability and biological activity of flavonoids isolated from chamomile flowers. Mol Cell Pharmacol 2009;1:138.

Hepatoma Research
ISSN 2454-2520 (Online) 2394-5079 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/