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Figure 4. (A) Mass spectrum obtained from LC-ESI-MS/MS for peptides at 1,866 Da m/z; (B) Assessment of TUBB via ELISA across various groups, with the Y-axis indicating serum protein expression across these groups. Data analysis was performed utilizing GraphPad Prism software, version 10.4. Results are presented as mean ± SD, with statistical significance denoted by P < 0.05 compared to control groups. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001. (C) Validation of TUBB expression in NSCLC tissue (LUSC and LAUD) based on TCGA and GTEx datasets; (D) Correlation analysis of TUBB expression with TNM stage and stage of LUSC patients based on TCGA datasets; (E) Correlation analysis of TUBB expression with TNM stage and stage of LUAD patients based on TCGA datasets. (F) Survival analysis of TUBB expression with overall survival of LUSC (upper) and LUAD (lower) patients based on TCGA datasets; (G) Immunofluorescence staining of TUBB in lung cancer tissue based on HPA datasets; (H) Immunofluorescence staining of TUBB in normal lung tissue based on HPA datasets.