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![Development and validation of a survival nomogram for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the elderly: using competing risk models and propensity matching to apply the prediction tool](https://image.oaes.cc/fe975abe-4582-469f-96ab-f99b425cb929/5722.fig.1.jpg)
Figure 1. Flow chart of inclusion and exclusion of elderly patients with MIBC. Patients in the training set were used to screen independent risk factors and establish a nomogram. The accuracy of the model was checked using a validation set and an external validation set. Finally, a risk stratification system was established to identify high-risk patients and applied clinically by propensity matching.