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Figure 5. Neutrophils and the NETs released thereby provide a protective microenvironment for tumor growth and metastasis. They participate in the cascade process of metastasis and the formation of PMN. NETs: neutrophil extracellular traps; PMN: premetastatic niche; TME: tumor microenvironment; ECM: extracellularmatrix; CSFs: colony stimulating factors; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; N1 TAN: tumor-associated neutrophil; exosomes RNAs: exosomes ribonucleic acid. Created in BioRender.com.