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Figure 2. In vivo tracking of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the hippocampus after intracranial (IC), retro-orbital (RO), or intranasal (IN) injections. hNSC-derived EV labeled with fluorescent dye were transplanted using stereotaxic IC (A), RO (B), or IN (C) injections. Brain tissues were fixed at 48 h post-treatment, sections were imaged using confocal microscopy and Z-stacks were collected at 60 magnification. Fluorescently-labeled EV (red; DAPI nuclear counter-stain, blue) were located and migrated through the CA1 stratum radiatum (SR) and granule cell molecular layers (ML) in the host hippocampus. Magnification (a1-c1) demonstrates the close vicinity of EV around the cell bodies after IC, RO, and IN administration. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-C) and 3 µm (a1-c1)