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Figure 1. In vivo tracking of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the prefrontal cortex and subventricular zone after intracranial (IC), retro-orbital (RO), or intranasal (IN) injections. hNSC-derived-EV labeled with fluorescent dye were transplanted using stereotaxic IC (A, D), RO (B, E), or IN (C, F) injections. The brain tissues were fixed at 48 h post-surgery and sections imaged using confocal microscopy. Confocal Z-stacks were collected at 60 × magnification and qualitatively demonstrate that injected EV (red, DAPI nuclear counterstain, blue) migrated to the pre-limbic (PRL) and infra (IL) limbic structures of the PFC (A-C) and the SVZ (D-F). Magnified images (a1-f1) demonstrate localization of EV in close vicinity of the cell bodies after IC, RO, and IN administration. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-F) and 3 µm (a1-f1)