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Figure 4. Strategies to improve chemotherapy-induced immunological dormancy. Based on work by others and us, we propose four clinically feasible approaches to induce or maintain breast cancer dormancy, primarily in TNBC. Firstly, we propose neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (nCTX) to promote chemotherapy-induced immune response. Chemotherapy may be pursued as adjuvant therapy (aCTX) if necessary. Secondly, during and following surgery we propose the administration of NSAIDs (in particular Ketorolac) to prevent surgery-associated inflammation that may potentially promote relapses. Thirdly, the cytotoxic immune response could be stimulated by providing type I IFN, or inducers of an interferon response such as TLR4 ligands, in particularly in low IFN-producing patients. Fourthly, addition of checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD1/PDL-1 antibodies, may be applied to maintain the immune response active