REFERENCES

1. Onitilo AA, Kio E, Doi SA. Tumor-related hyponatremia. Clin Med Res 2007;5:228-37.

2. Stelfox HT, Ahmed SB, Khandwala F, Zygun D, Shahpori R, et al. The epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care units. Crit Care 2008;12:R162.

3. Funk GC, Lindner G, Druml W, Metnitz B, Schwarz C, et al. Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremias present on ICU admission. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:304-11.

4. Berardi R, Caramanti M, Castagnani M, Guglielmi S, Marcucci F, et al. Hyponatremia is a predictor of hospital length and cost of stay and outcome in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:3095-101.

5. Doshi SM, Shah P, Lei X, Lahoti A, Salahudeen AK. Hyponatremia in hospitalized cancer patients and its impact on clinical outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis 2012;59:222-8.

6. Gralla RJ, Ahmad F, Blais JD, Chiodo J 3rd, Zhou W, et al. Tolvaptan use in cancer patients with hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: a post hoc analysis of the SALT-1 and SALT-2 trials. Cancer Med 2017;6:723-9.

7. Castillo JJ, Vincent M, Justice E. Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia in cancer patients. Oncologist 2012;17:756-65.

8. Platania M, Verzoni E, Vitali M. Hyponatremia in cancer patients. Tumori 2015;101:246-8.

9. Balachandran K, Okines A, Gunapala R, Morganstein D, Popat S. Resolution of severe hyponatraemia is associated with improved survival in patients with cancer. BMC Cancer 2015;15:163.

10. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014;29 Suppl 2:i1-39.

11. Berardi R, Santoni M, Newsom-Davis T, Caramanti M, Rinaldi S, et al. Hyponatremia normalization as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line therapy. Oncotarget 2017;8:23871-9.

12. Hansen O, Sorensen P, Hansen KH. The occurrence of hyponatremia in SCLC and the influence on prognosis: a retrospective study of 453 patients treated in a single institution in a 10-year period. Lung Cancer 2010;68:111-4.

13. Lehrich RW, Ortiz-Melo DI, Patel MB, Greenberg A. Role of vaptans in the management of hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis 2013;62:364-76.

14. Maesaka JK, Imbriano L, Mattana J, Gallagher D, Bade N, et al. Differentiating SIADH from cerebral/renal salt wasting: failure of the volume spproach and need for a new spproach to hyponatremia. J Clin Med 2014;3:1373-85.

15. Robertson GL. Regulation of arginine vasopressin in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Am J Med 2006;119(7 Suppl 1):S36-42.

16. Moritz ML. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019;66:209-26.

17. Kamoi K, Ebe T, Kobayashi O, Ishida M, Sato F, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and with diabetes insipidus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1385-90.

18. Hillier TA, Abbott RD, Barrett EJ. Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia. Am J Med 1999;106:399-403.

19. Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Korzelius C, Schrier RW, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med 2013;126 (10 Suppl 1):S1-42.

20. Miller M. Syndromes of excess antidiuretic hormone release. Crit Care Clin 2001;17:11-23.

21. Cerdà-Esteve M, Cuadrado-Godia E, Chillaron JJ, Pont-Sunyer C, Cucurella G, et al. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome: review. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:249-54.

22. Holland-Bill L, Christiansen CF, Farkas DK, Donskov F, Jorgensen JOL, et al. Diagnosis of hyponatremia and increased risk of a subsequent cancer diagnosis: results from a nationwide population-based cohort study. Acta Oncol 2018;57:522-7.

23. Henry DA. In the clinic: hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med 2015;163:1-19.

24. Harrigan MR. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Crit Care Clin 2001;17:125-38.

25. Yee AH, Burns JD, Wijdicks EF. Cerebral salt wasting: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2010;21:339-52.

26. Betjes MG. Hyponatremia in acute brain disease: the cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13:9-14.

27. Palmer BF. Hyponatremia in the intensive care unit. Semin Nephrol 2009;29:257-70.

28. Rivkees SA. Differentiating appropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and cerebral salt wasting: the common, uncommon, and misnamed. Curr Opin Pediatr 2008;20:448-52.

29. Gurnurkar S, Villacres S, Warner L, Chegondi M. Successful use of fludrocortisone in a child with refractory cerebral salt wasting syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Cureus 2018;10:e3505.

30. Refardt J, Winzeler B, Christ-Crain M. Copeptin and its role in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019;91:22-32.

31. Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: compilation of the guidelines. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;28:1340-9.

32. Janicic N, Verbalis JG. Evaluation and management of hypo-osmolality in hospitalized patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003;32:459-81.

33. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1581-9.

34. Cherrill DA, Stote RM, Birge JR, Singer I. Demeclocycline treatment in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Ann Intern Med 1975;83:654-6.

35. Mori T, Katayama Y, Kawamata T, Hirayama T. Improved efficiency of hypervolemic therapy with inhibition of natriuresis by fludrocortisone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1999;91:947-52.

36. Lampl C, Yazdi K. Central pontine myelinolysis. Eur Neurol 2002;47:3-10.

37. Dokmak A, Madias NE. Hyponatremia and in-hospital falls and fractures in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019;67:1752-3.

38. Sterns RH. The management of symptomatic hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol 1990;10:503-14.

39. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;64:681-4.

40. Sood L, Sterns RH, Hix JK, Silver SM, Chen L. Hypertonic saline and desmopressin: a simple strategy for safe correction of severe hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis 2013;61:571-8.

41. Gross PA, Wagner A, Decaux G. Vaptans are not the mainstay of treatment in hyponatremia: perhaps not yet. Kidney Int 2011;80:594-600.

42. Verbalis JG, Zeltser D, Smith N, Barve A, Andoh M. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of intravenous conivaptan in patients with euvolaemic hyponatraemia: subgroup analysis of a randomized, controlled study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;69:159-68.

43. Schrier RW, Gross P, Gheorghiade M, Berl T, Verbalis JG, et al. Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2099-112.

44. Chiong JR, Kim S, Lin J, Christian R, Dasta JF. Evaluation of costs associated with tolvaptan-mediated length-of-stay reduction among heart failure patients with hyponatremia in the US, based on the EVEREST trial. J Med Econ 2012;15:276-84.

45. Peri A. Clinical review: the use of vaptans in clinical endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:1321-32.

46. Khan MI, Dellinger RP, Waguespack SG. Electrolyte disturbances in critically Ill cancer patients: an endocrine perspective. J Intensive Care Med 2018;33:147-58.