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![Muscle mitochondria and oxidative metabolism as targets against cancer cachexia](https://image.oaes.cc/2d0e1e4a-6405-4f06-891a-be3a29ca50d8/3193.fig.2.jpg)
Figure 2. Exercise-like responses in the skeletal muscle may be induced by drugs acting on PGC-1α expression and activity. Exercise modulates different pathways involved in the regulation of protein homeostasis and energy metabolism. During exercise, PGC-1α activation increased mitochondrial biogenesis, favoring oxidative capacity, and inhibits FoxO3, reducing proteasome-dependent degradation. Similarly to exercise, EPO and TMZ are able to activate energy sensors, such as AMPK and SIRT1, that induce PGC-1α and its downstream targets