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![A primer on recent developments in cancer immunotherapy, with a focus on neoantigen vaccines](https://image.oaes.cc/f90be132-bf27-4e79-b7e1-c5bb6f88750b/2355.fig.3.png)
Figure 3. Origin of metastases. (A) TNM staging, closedly related to Halsted-Meyer theory of breast cancer progression, suggests that remote metastases arise late in the progression of the primary tumor, with disseminating cells first traveling to the lymph nodes; (B) the cancer dormancy hypothesis suggests that tumor cells disseminate early to remote sites and are then forced into a dormant state by immune surveillance. These two alternatives can be distinguished in part by examining cell genomes to trace cell lineages