fig1
From: Systemic humoral responses of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer during BCG treatment: less is more
Figure 1. All the analyzed genes were significantly expressed at pre-BCG state, with the lowest mRNA levels observed for IL-4 and maximum for GNLY. Relative mRNA levels of IL-4, NOS2A, IL-2, IL-6, CCL8, CCL2, IL-10, CXCL9, IFN-γ, IP-10, CCL3, CTLA4, TNF-α, Fas-L, IL-1β, HMOX-1, Perf and GNLY were evaluated by real time PCR, as described in the Methods section. mRNA was obtained from blood samples of 58 patients, collected before any BCG treatment. Values were calculated, as referred to in the Methods section, by formula 2-∆Ct *1,000 and infers the number of mRNA molecules of a certain gene per 1,000 molecules of the endogenous control (β-actin). BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guérin; PCR: polymerase chain reaction
