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![A new twist to neurotransmitter receptors and cancer](https://image.oaes.cc/3e6476cd-5efe-45d9-9f9d-4194b7d91e3f/2050.fig.1.png)
Figure 1. Working model illustrating the mechanistic interactions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, Ca2+-channels, beta-adrenergic receptors and the IGF pathway in cancers associated with smoking and psychological stress. NNK: nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone; nAChRs: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; PLC: phospholipase C; AKT: protein kinase B; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PKA: protein kinase A