fig4

Figure 4. From the top: Step 1 When tissue is injured, damage signals (DAMPS, Extravasated blood, etc.) are released. Step 2 These damage signals are picked up by “sentinel cells”, such as macrophages or mast cells. These cells initiate a cascade of events. Step 3 They can amplify the signal by secreting more alarm cytokines and chemoattractants. Step 4 The result is the recruitment of other immune effector cells. These can be granulocytes, Lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc. These immune effector cells can (E) send negative or positive feedback signals. Alternately, they can trigger other response pathways and (F) reprogram Affected Tissue in different ways.