fig1

Psychological stress enhances keloid development via stress hormone-induced abnormal cytokine profiles and inflammatory responses

Figure 1. Three possible pathways that may explain how stress hormones (NE, E) could induce abnormal cytokine profiles and inflammatory responses. TGF: transforming growth factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; AR: adrenergic receptors; IL: interleukin; NE: norepinephrine; E: epinephrine

Plastic and Aesthetic Research
ISSN 2349-6150 (Online)   2347-9264 (Print)

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