fig4

Figure 4. Verification of the system using a cleft case. Grey profile indicates an average face: (top) pre-surgery; and (bottom) post-surgery. (left) The standardized X-values of the 3D face when compared with the normative mean (transverse direction). Red, pink, light yellow, and deep yellow represent the point clouds located outwards when compared with the normative mean; light blue, deep blue, grey, and black indicate the points located inwards (close to the medial line). Green represents the range within ±1 SD. The left column indicates the standardized Z-value (transverse direction). Before treatment, the right nasal alar and nasal tip were deviated to the right side by more than 6 SD. After treatment, the area showing more than 1 SD was decreased; however, the right nasal alar was still deviated by 6 SD (for the axial view, please see Figure 6). (middle) The standardized Y-value (vertical direction). Red, pink, light yellow, and deep yellow indicate the corresponding point clouds located inferiorly, whereas light blue, deep blue, grey, and black indicate the points located superiorly when compared with the normative mean. In this patient, before treatment, the lower lip was located superiorly by 1 SD, and the chin was located inferiorly by more than 2 SD and showed greater facial height. After treatment, the lower lip was located within the normal range, indicating that the lower lip had moved downwards after maxillary advancement and mandibular set-back movement due to the surgery. (right) The standardized Z-value (antero-posterior direction). Red, pink, light yellow, and deep yellow indicate the corresponding point clouds located anteriorly, whereas light blue, deep blue, grey, and black indicate the points that were located posteriorly when they were compared to the normative mean. In this patient, before treatment, the nasal dorsum and left upper lip (repaired cleft site) retruded by more than 1 SD, while the chin protruded by more than 3 SD. After treatment, the chin showed normal antero-posterior position while the lower lip showed slight retrusion by more than 1 SD. The area of the retrusion in the nasal dorsum and upper lip was also decreased