fig2

Figure 2. Gross observations of the reconstruction of radius at 3 months after surgery. (a) Small amount of callus and fibrous‑like tissue in the interspaces between defect and human demineralized cancellous bone graft in Group 1; (b) callus formed in the defect repair by periosteum‑wrapped human demineralized cancellous bone graft in Group 2; (c) significant amount of callus and bony union filled in the defect repair with the human demineralized cancellous bone graft seeded with mesenchymal stem cells in Group 3; (d) complete bone healing in the defect repair by periosteum‑wrapped human demineralized cancellous bone graft seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in Group 4