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From: Current and future applications of nanotechnology in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Figure 4. In vivo antibacterial activity of nanosilver particle-poly- DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) composite grafts. After 2-week contamination with 108 CFU Staphylococcus aureus Mu50, rat femoral segmental defects with implanted grafts were harvested, fixed, decalcified, embedded, sectioned and stained with Taylor modified Brown and Brenn Gram-stain as well as H and E. (a) Compared to serious bacterial infection (black dots) found in control PLGA grafts, (b) 1.0% nanosilver-PLGA composite grafts significantly reduced bacterial survival to colonized collation (red arrows). (c) On the other hand, only limited bacterial colonies (red arrows) were observed in 2.0% nanosilver particle-PLGA composite grafts in vivo, and more red blood cells (blue arrows) were found in the grafts instead of phagocytes (black arrows)^[35] (used with permission)