fig4
Figure 4. (A) schematic of an experimental setup for DFA; (B-D) Calculated water film thickness when an air bubble (R ~1.2 mm) approached (B) a hydrophilic silica surface with a contact angle of 0° and (C, D) a hydrophobic silica surface with contact angles of 36° and 90°, respectively. Reproduced from ref.[74], Copyright 2018, the American Chemical Society. DFA: Dynamic force apparatus.
