fig5

Figure 5. Schematic overview of gene therapy in Prostate cancer. Based on their structural differences, there are currently four types of nucleases that edit genes in prostate cancer: base editors, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-associated nucleases (CRISPR/Cas-9). Viral vectors including adenovirus (Ad), adeno-associated virus (AAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and retroviruses (γ-retroviruses, lentiviruses) play a significant role in the transport of genetic materials. Genetic materials are introduced through cell membranes via physical methods such as direct injection and chemical methods such as lipoplex, polyplex, and magnetic nanoparticles. Gene therapies can be classified according to the type of transporter used, which can be viral and non-viral vectors. These therapies include suicide gene therapy, cytokine gene therapy, tumor suppressor gene therapy, immunomodulatory gene therapy, gene apoptosis therapy, and corrective gene thera.