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Figure 3. Risk allele frequency and effect size of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk. SNPs (n = 33, Table 1) are grouped by nearest genes in each panel. (A) Percentage higher of risk allele frequency in Africans/African-Americans and Latinos/Admixed Americans as compared to in Europeans (non-Finnish). Percentage change equation: {{[(Risk allele frequency of Africans/African-Americans or of Latinos/Admixed Americans) / [Risk allele frequency of Europeans (non-Finnish)]} - 1} × 100. Horizontal bars are annotated by risk allele and colored by the direction of percentage difference. (B) Difference of risk allele frequency in Africans/African-Americans and Latinos/Admixed Americans as compared to in Europeans (non-Finnish). (C) Effect size of selected GWAS-identified SNPs associated with ALL risk. Centers of points and horizontal bars indicate point estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Points are shaped by study-reported traits. Points and horizontal bars are colored by ancestry with the highest risk allele frequency. X axis is on a log-10 scale in order to better present those relatively small effect sizes.