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Figure 3. Shared (patho)biology of human aging and heart failure identified from genomics and proteomics. Genomics has identified senescence and age-associated accumulation of somatic mutations/inflammation as central mechanisms of aging biology that contribute to HF pathogenesis. Proteomics provides insights not only into the downstream effects of these two hallmarks of aging in HF pathogenesis, but also into the maladaptive processes in later life that link aging and HF.