fig5

Figure 5. Nobiletin upregulates mitophagy of cardiac cells during hypoxia. Upper panel, representative images for MitoKeima staining, as an index of mitophagy in cardiac myocytes under normoxia (NMX) and hypoxia (HPX) in the presence and absence of Nob, bars: 10 μm. Magnified regions are depicted by the yellow boxes, mitochondria that are unfused with lysosomes (neutral pH) demarked as green fluorescent puncta, mitochondria that have fused with lysosomes (acidic pH) are demarked as red/yellow fluorescent puncta. Bottom panel, quantitative analysis for conditions shown above. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, n = 3-4 independent myocyte isolations.