fig4

Figure 4. Cluster formation of each disease group using dimensionality reduction techniques. Visualization is provided by two dimensionality reduction techniques. Each node represents healthy controls (blue), patients with T2DM (orange), and patients with HT (green). (A) t-SNE method and (B) UMAP method. T2DM: Type II diabetes mellitus; HT: hypertension; t-SNE: t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection.