fig5

Figure 5. iMSC-EVs characterization. (A) MFI values of top expressed markers (CD63, CD81, CD29, CD9, CD44, CD146, CD42a, CD41b, CD105) from 2D- (pool) and 3D-derived samples determined by MACSPlex; (B) Super-resolution microscopy (ONI) results showing the percentage of particles expressing each tetraspanin (CD9, CD63, or CD81) and their co-expression in 2D and 3D samples; (C) ONI images of individual particles showing single (left), double (center), and triple positive (right) expression of tetraspanins (CD63: green, CD9: pink, CD81: red). Images are shown with 50 and 100 nm scale bars; (D) Cryo-TEM images of EV pools from different iMSC-EV bioreactor extractions. Images are shown with 0.5 μm scale bars. ns P > 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01， *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001.