fig4

Figure 4. Electrochemical biosensor detects EVs-related biomarkers of different diseases. (A) Amplified electrochemical detection of circular RNA in breast cancer patients using ferrocene-capped gold nanoparticle/streptavidin conjugates^[96]; (B) A biosensor for the detection of the lncRNA biomarker MALAT1 in non-small cell lung cancer^[97]; (C) An electrochemical platform based on the combination of back-splice junction and duplex-specific nuclease for the detection of circRNAs^[98].