fig2

Figure 2. Electrochemical biosensor for detection of EVs-related lipid and microRNAs. (A) A modified glassy carbon working electrode for the development of choline biosensors^[80]; (B) Two-step competitive hybridization assay enhances electrochemical signals for the detection of vesicular miRNA 200b in prostate cancer cell lines and human urine samples^[87]; (C) A sensitive and rapid electrochemical biosensor for sEV-miRNA detection^[88]; (D) An electrochemical genosensor for monitoring of miR-146a^[89]; (E) A graphene oxide modified graphite electrode was developed for the detection of miRNA-34a-related Alzheimer’s disease and various types of cancer^[90].