fig4

Figure 4. (A) ^newExoChip design, which features 30 × 60 circular patterns with a diameter of 500 μm in standard glass microscope slides. The mechanism of capture and release of cancer-associated exosomes using Ca²⁺-dependent binding between PS and annexin V and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based Ca²⁺ chelation. The micrograph shows capture and released exosomes (reproduced from^[131]). (B) Nano-interfaced microfluidic exosome platform (nano-IMEX). Schematic of a single-channel PDMS/glass device with expanded-view highlighting the coated PDMS chip containing an array of Y-shaped microposts. The surface of the channel and microposts coated with graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine (PDA) as a nanostructured interface for the sandwich ELISA with fluorescence signal amplification (reproduced from^[123]). (C) 3D herringbone nanopatterns are designed on a microfluidic device with the ability to detect tumor-associated EVs in plasma with a minimum of 200 vesicles per 20 µL. The nano-structures were used to increase the surface area, content mass transfer, and EV capturing speed, and reduce the hydrodynamic resistance (reproduced from^[129]). (D) Microfluidic device made from cyclic olefin polymer (COP), which allows for high-rate production at a low cost to accommodate diagnostic applications. CAD drawing of a 7-bed EV Microfluidic Affinity Purification (EV-MAP) showing the distribution channels and the diamond-shaped micropillars of the device. NTA and TEM images of EVs isolated from a clinical sample by PEG precipitation and affinity selected with anti-CD8 mAb using the EV-MAP device. Heat map analysis of clinical samples (marked with numbers) and healthy donor for 5 genes whose up-regulation is associated with acute ischemic stroke (reproduced from^[139]). (E) ExoDisc integrated system that combines a sequential filtration and centrifugation steps used for low viscosity fluids. The EVs are collected between filter I and filter II. The filters can be replaced with different pore sizes for different expected size range selection (reproduced from^[33]).