fig3

Figure 3. Requirements for suppressing metal dendrite growth and bifunctional separators. (A) Schematic illustration of strengthened separator countering dendrite growth. (B) Illustration of uniform lithium-ion transform. (C) Schematic illustration of lithium-ion conduction behavior in the functional separator. (D) Configuration of Li-S batteries with bifunctional separator. (E) Schematic of the working mechanism of bifunctional Ni₃S₂@C separator. This figure is quoted with permission from Liu et al.^[24], Hou et al.^[50], Cao et al.^[52], Huang et al.^[53], and Zhang et al.^[54], respectively.