fig2

Figure 2. Requirements for inhibiting polysulfide shuttle effect. (A) Configuration diagram of a Li-S battery with a multifunctional separator. (B) Schematic illustration of physical blocking of polysulfides. (C) Schematic illustration of chemical adsorption of polysulfides. (D) Catalytic process of sulfur species conversions. (E) Illustration of the catalysis mechanism of Ni nanoparticles to polysulfides. This figure is quoted with permission from Yang et al.^[41], Wang et al.^[42], Razaq et al.^[44], He et al.^[47], and Zhang et al.^[48], respectively.