fig8

Figure 8. O 1s XPS (A) and EPR (B) spectra of 2D/3D Co₃O₄/NC-250; (C) ΔG_H of adsorption at Co active sites by the AEM mechanism for 2D/3D Co₃O₄/NC-250; (D) OER step diagram of the AEM and LOM mechanisms at the 3D Co₃O₄/NC Ov active site (Copyright 2023, Elsevier^[73]); (E) XANES and k₃-weighted Fourier-transformed EXAFS spectra of MnO₂ with different cations and the K⁺/MnO₂ structure and Co²⁺/MnO₂ structure after the substitution, In situ Raman spectra of ¹⁸O-labeled Co²⁺/MnO₂ in (F) Mn-O and (G)*OO^2- region; (H) The main OER mechanism of Co²⁺/MnO₂ (Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry^[142]); (E) TEM image, HR-TEM image (I) and AC-HAADF-STEM image, atomic profiles (J) of CoSA-MoCeO_x@BCT; In situ Raman spectra (K), OER performance (L) and LOM catalytic cycle (M) of CoSA-MoCeO_x@BCT (Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry^[105]). AEM: Adsorption evolution mechanism; LOM: Lattice oxygen mechanism; OER: Oxygen generation reaction; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; EPR: Electron paramagnetic resonance; XANES: X-ray absorption near edge structure.