fig5

Figure 5. Electrochemical cycling of two cells, Li⁰/Li₆PS₅Cl/NMC_955, with a 57% NMC₉₅₅+38% Li₆PS₅Cl+3% C₆₅+2% SBR cathode simulated as (LiNMC₉₅₅) = Li₁₂Ni₁₀MnCoO₂₄ = LiNi_0.833Mn_0.083Co_0.083O₂ and (Li_0.29NMC₉₅₅) = Li₇Ni₂₀Mn₂Co₂O₄₈ = Li_0.291Ni_0.833Mn_0.083Co_0.083O₂. (A) Simulation of (LiNMC₉₅₅) and (Li_0.29NMC₉₅₅) versus experiments showing pinpoints for the electrochemical cycling, such as cut-offs and capacities; the discrepancies between simulated and experimental data are hypothesized to be due to the difference between simulated and experimental NMC₉₅₅ stoichiometries, impedances and finite discharge rates; (B) two cells showing evidence for the necessity of including a constant voltage step that allows for (Ni⁴⁺ ↔ Ni³⁺ and Co⁴⁺ ↔ Co³⁺) completion. Cell 1 areal capacity is 0.167 mAh.cm^-2, and cell 2 0.434 mAh.cm^-2; the differences in capacities are mostly due to the lack of cycling at constant voltage; (C) Two cells with areal capacity of ~2 mAh.cm^-2 showing evidence for the necessity of including a constant voltage step. The areal capacity is also a determinant of the electrochemical performance and accounts for the differences in capacities and discharge voltages of cells in B and C. SBR: Styrene-butadiene rubber.