fig2

Figure 2. (A) Schematic illustration showing the operating principle of AEMWE^[59]. Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society; (B) Photograph of the assembled AEM water electrolyzer^[64]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier; (C) HER and OER mechanism under acidic and alkaline environments^[72]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier; (D) Cross-sectional schematic of an AEM pure water electrolysis system^[82]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society; (E) Schematic and (F) photograph of the AEM seawater electrolyzer device^[90]. Copyright 2024 The American Association for the Advancement of Science. AEMWE: Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis; AEM: anion exchange membrane; HER:hydrogen evolution reaction; OER: oxygen evolution reaction.