fig7

Figure 7. (A) Flowsheet illustrating the recovery of spent LIBs through thermal reduction and electrochemical leaching processes. (B) Mechanism of the reaction for the direct electrochemical leaching of cathode materials. (C) Mechanism of the reaction for thermal reduction process followed by acid leaching. (D) Mechanism of the reaction involving thermal reduction process followed by electrochemical leaching (green represents reactants, with red indicating substances introduced during the leaching processes). (E) Comparative evaluation of metal leaching effectiveness among the three methods: (1) direct electrochemical leaching; (2) thermal reduction process combined with acid leaching; (3) thermal reduction process coupled with electrochemical leaching. (A-E) Figures reprinted with permission from Ref.^[77]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society^[77]. (F) Schematic representation of the electrochemically assisted leaching of metals from MOFC, where the leachate, carbon/graphite materials, and electrowon copper can be separately recovered. (G) Leaching efficiency of metals and specific energy consumption at various tested pulp densities. (F-G) Figures reprinted with permission from Ref.^[78]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier^[78].