fig1

Figure 1. (A) Schematic diagram of the preparation process of Ru-based catalysts supported on ceria of different morphologies; (B-D) HAADF STEM images and EDS elemental mappings of Ru₁/o-CeO₂-ov, Ru₁/c-CeO₂-ov, and Ru₁/r-CeO₂-ov; (E-G) High-resolution TEM images of Ru₁/x-CeO₂-ov (inset is FFT images); (H) AC HAADF STEM EDS mapping of the Ru₁/o-CeO₂-ov catalyst. AC HAADF STEM: Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope; EDS: dispersive X-ray spectrometer; TEM: transmission electron microscopy.