fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic presentation of side view and top view atomic model of CoSA+NC/NPSC; (B) Pathways for the CoSA+NC/NPSC at 0 V with four oxygen intermediate models inserted; (C) ORR and (D) OER free energy ladder diagrams at 1.23 V vs. RHE; (E) The theoretical d band center and (F) differential charge density of CoSA+NC/SC, CoSA+NC/NSC and CoSA+NC/NPSC (yellow and cyan represented the electron accumulation and electron depletion). ORR: Oxygen reduction reaction; OER: oxygen evolution reaction; RHE: reversible hydrogen electrode.