fig3

Figure 3. Piezoelectric response properties of the cellulose/PVDF GGs. (A) Piezoelectric output OCVD (mV cm^-2) and SCCD (nA cm^-2) of ≈2-mm-thick cellulose/PVDF GGs (surface area: 2 cm × 2 cm) measured under a cyclic load of 20 N at a frequency of ~0.7 Hz. (B) Voltage and current outputs of the (1/2)% cellulose/PVDF gel under different magnitudes of cyclic loads ranging from 5 to 25 N. (C) Representative current output of the (1/2)% cellulose/PVDF gel under a cyclic load of 20 N in the forward and reverse connection modes of an external circuit. (D) Variation in the piezoelectric charge constant d₃₃ with the concentration ratio of cellulose/PVDF GGs. Data in (A, B and D) are presented as average values with mean absolute deviation from the measurements of three samples.