fig3

Figure 3. (A) Design strategy of the RuMoNi catalyst. The light blue bar, yellow semicircle, and green dotted lines represent nanorod substrate, catalytic active sites, and corrosion-resistant layer, respectively. (B) The adsorbed MoO₄^2- concentration on carbon paper (background) and RuMoNi normalized by electrode area and corresponding Cl^- repelling effect factors. (A and B) This figure is quoted with permission from Liu et al. Copyright (2023) Springer Nature^[16]. (C) Schematic illustration of the mechanism of the improved durability for the NiFe nanoalloys encapsulated within defective graphene layers (NiFe@DG) compared to the uncoated NiFe nanoalloys supported on graphene (NiFe/G). This figure is quoted with permission from Fei et al. Copyright (2023) Americal Chemical Society^[46]. (D) Schematic illustrating the concept of creating anion-rich catalytic surface on CrO₄^2--NiFe LDH/Cr₂O₃ that selectively repel Cl^- and enrich OH^-. (E) Free energy calculations for the adsorption of Cl^- with atomic structures. (D and E) This figure is quoted with permission from Tang et al. Copyright (2024) Springer Nature^[60]. (F) UV-vis absorption spectra for the detection of hypochlorite species in the electrolyte with the inset showing optical photos of the pH-adjusted electrolyte after adding DPD. This figure is quoted with permission from Yang et al. Copyright (2023) Americal Chemical Society^[61].