fig3

Figure 3. (A) Color scheme for modified LLZO nanoparticles; (B and C) Arrhenius-type plots of total bulk ionic conductivity for (B) 10 wt % and (C) 50 wt % LLZO NPs compared to PEO-LiTFSI (0 wt %); (D) Estimated transference numbers for all CPEs, quantified by the Bruce-Vincent current fraction ρ_BV. Small points represent values calculated from individual cells, and large points and error bars represent the mean and standard deviation of three cells; (E) Total ionic and Li⁺ conductivities as a function of LLZO NP content; (F) Apparent Arrhenius activation energies for all CPEs at temperatures above the melting point of PEO. LLZO: Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂; NPs: Nanoparticles; APTES: (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; PEO-LiTFSI: Poly (ethylene oxide)-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; CPEs: Composite polymer electrolytes.