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Figure 9. LCs and LCPs as PCMs for TES applications. (A) Solar energy thermal storage system. (A-i) Schematic showing design of LC molecules in the study of solid-state solar thermal fuels (SSTF) and their photo-responsive behavior. (A-ii) IR thermal camera images of heat release from cis-rich films of R = F, and R = Cl coated on the window of a mini car under 430 nm irradiation for cis to trans conversion, at sub-zero temperature. Reprinted from ref.[187], with permission from John Wiley and Sons. (B) Phase change energy storage thermochromic LC displays. (B-i) Optical images showing phase change energy storage thermochromic liquid crystal display (PCES-TC-LCD) prepared on rigid substrates at different voltages and temperatures. (B-ii) Infrared thermography images showing energy storage and energy release. Reprinted from ref.[42], Copyright (2023), with permission from Elsevier.