fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic diagram of the structural evolution (H1 → M → H2 → H3 → H4) during the charging of layered LiNiO₂ materials. This figure is quoted with permission from Li et al.^[4]. (B) Contour maps of in situ synchrotron diffraction of LNO collected during the first cycle. Cell voltage as a function of state of charge or discharge of the first cycle, which is aligned with the diffraction patterns (i). XRD patterns of selected scattering angle regions: 4.68°-5.48° (ii), 9.59°-10.45° (iii), and 11.36°-12.26° (iv). Based on the refinement results, the phases in each region are labeled in (i). The peak splitting for phase M is also indicated in (iii) and (iv). This figure is quoted with permission from Li et al.^[61]. (C) Illustration of the reactions of the surface residual lithium of a LiNi_0.96Mg_0.02Ti_0.02O₂ (NMT) cathode with H₂O and CO₂ in the air, forming LiOH and Li₂CO₃, respectively. This figure is quoted with permission from Kim et al.^[15]. (D) Cross-sectional SEM images of a LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ (NM90) cathode after 1,000 cycles in full cells featuring EF91 electrolyte, cycled in the voltage range of 3.0-4.3 V. This figure is quoted with permission from Park et al.^[9].