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![Creating value added nano silicon anodes from end-of-life photovoltaic modules: recovery, nano structuring, and the impact of ball milling and binder on its electrochemical performance](https://image.oaes.cc/b11a97ee-6f69-447f-ac77-d5099275e100/em4004.fig.2.jpg)
Figure 2. Purification of recycled PV cells with various concentrations of 10, 5, and 2M KOH and 10, 5, and 2M HNO3 solution at 80 °C for 15 min: (A) X-ray diffraction patterns of the PV cells after chemical treatment; and (B-H) SEM images and corresponding spectra of the PV cells (both front side-upper face and back side-down face).