fig5

Figure 5. Photographs of Celgard 2400 and 15% ANFs/PPS membrane before and after heat treatment at different temperatures for 30 min: room temperature (A), 150 °C (B), 175 °C (C), and 200 °C (D). Wettability images of Celgard 2400 and 15%ANFs/PPS membrane: The images of the liquid electrolyte just (E) and after 30 s (F) dripped to the surface. Contact angle images of the Celgard 2400 separator (G) after dripping 2 μL liquid electrolyte for 60 s and the ANFs/PPS membrane (H) after dripping 2 μL liquid electrolyte for 5 s. Ignition tests of Celgard 2400 (I) and 15% ANFs/PPS membrane (J)^[55]. (K) The stress-strain curves of Celgard 2400 separator in machine direction (MD) and transversal direction (TD) and CFs/PPS-1/1 separator^[53]. (L) The stress-strain curve of PPS-GNFs-20% and PPS-mGNFs-20%. (M) Electrochemical performance of cells with Celgard 2400 and PPS-mGNFs-20% membrane. Voltage profiles of the Li|separator|Li symmetric cells at 2.5 mA cm^-2, 5 mAh cm^-2. (N) Cycling performance of the cells^[56]. Celgard 2400: A commercially available PP lithium-ion battery separator; Li|separator|Li symmetric cells: a battery system for testing the long cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries.