fig1

Figure 1. (A) Global distribution of solar radiation on the surface of the Earth (©2020 The World Bank, Source: Global Solar Atlas 2.0, Solar resource data: Solargis) and energy transport to Japan. (B) Schematic of PEC water splitting using a photoanode and cathode immersed in a liquid electrolyte. (C) Schematic of a vapor-fed PEM-PEC system utilizing a porous photoanode and cathode with gas diffusion layer. (B and C) were reproduced from ref.[13].