fig3

Figure 3. (A) Schematic image of the synthesis process for CoFe LDH and its cell composition for NitRR. (B) Reaction-free energies for *NO₃, *NO₂, and *NH₃ on the Fe LH, Co LH, and CoFe LDH surfaces. (C) FE and NH₃ selectivity of CoFe LDH according to potential. (D) The consecutive recycling test of CoFe LDH at -0.45 V (vs. RHE). (A-D) Figures are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[52]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier^[52]. (E) Comparison of NH₃ yield rate and FE of Ni₃Fe-CO₃ LDH with reference materials. (F) The recycling test of Ni₃Fe-CO₃ LDH/Cu foam electrode at -0.2 V (vs. RHE). (G) NH₃ yield rate and FE using multi-metallic TM LDH/Cu foam electrodes. (E-G) figures are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[53]. Copyright 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry^[53]. (H) XRD patterns of Cu/Co/Al-HTLCs. (I) The transformation of NO₃ and total nitrogen (TN) on Cu/Co/Al-HTLCs according to time at -0.74 V (vs. RHE). (H and I) Figures are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[75]. Copyright 2020 MDPI^[75].