fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic of the microbial photoelectrochemical system with a Si nanowire array. The proposed approach for solar-powered CO₂ fixation includes four general components: (1) harvesting solar energy, (2) generating reducing equivalents, (3) reducing CO₂ to biosynthetic intermediates, and (4) producing value-added chemicals. (B) Cross-sectional SEM image of the cathode integrating the Si nanowire arrays with the microorganisms. Magnified image of (C) the middle and (D) bottom regions of the Si nanowire arrays. Scale bars: (B) 5 μm and (C and D) 1 μm. (E) Heterojunction mechanism of type I, type II, type III, and Z-scheme heterojunctions. (F) Schematic diagram of the WO₃/MoO₃/g-C₃N₄ photocathode in the photocatalyst-assisted MES system. (G) Comparison of acetate production of the WO₃/MoO₃/g-C₃N₄ photocathode in the presence or absence of light (operational time: 12 h). This figure is quoted with permission from Liu et al.^[146] and Cai et al.^[162].