fig18
Figure 18. Surface (A) and cross-section (B) SEM images of the PVA separator after the cycling test. Electrolyte uptake (C) and retention (D) of PP separator and PVA separator. (E) Photograph showing liquid electrolyte wettability of different separators and the corresponding contact angle test results[93]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier. SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol.
