fig4

Figure 4. (A) AC-HAADF-STEM image of PdCu SAA; (B) FE_NH3 of Cu and PdCu SAA. This figure is quoted with permission from Du et al.^[71]; (C) FE, selectivity and the conversion rate of NITRR process on differentiated Au/Cu SAAs; (D) Free energies for generating different intermediates on Cu (100) and Au/Cu (100) SAAs. This figure is quoted with permission from Yin et al.^[74]; (E) TEM image of Bi₁Pd; (F) NH₃ yield and FE_NH3 of Bi₁Pd at various potentials; (G) Charge density difference for *NO₃^- on Pd (left) and Bi₁Pd (right); (H) Free energy diagram of energy-preferred NO₃RR pathways on Pd and Bi₁Pd. This figure is quoted with permission from Chen et al.^[76]; (I) HAADF image of the Pd/Cu (1:100); (J) product distribution of N₂, NH₄⁺, NO₂^- on Pd/Cu(x:y) catalysts; (K) Transformation pathway for NO₃^- reduction to N₂ on Pd/Cu; (L) E-NRR and T-NRR HNO* reduction pathway on Pd₁ and Cu sites. This figure is quoted with permission from Wu et al.^[78].