fig5

Figure 5. Optical photos and shrinkage of PP, PP/PE/PP and modified layers of 3DHM API/PVDF separators before and after the thermal treatments for 30 min at different temperatures. (A₁-A₃) before the thermal treatment, (B₁ and B₂) 50 °C; (B₃) 150 °C; (C₁ and C₂) 100 °C; (C₃) 175 °C; (D₁ and D₂) 120 °C; (D₃) 200 °C; (E₁ and E₂) 140 °C; (E₃) 225 °C; (F₁ and F₂) 160 °C; (F₃) 250 °C; (G₁ and G₂) 180 °C; (G₃) 275 °C. (H) Shrinkage of PP, PP/PE/PP and 3DHM API/PVDF separators after thermal treatment at different temperatures.